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Secretarial Insights

December 2025

Understanding IEPF Under the Companies Act, 2013 A Complete Guide.

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Understanding IEPF Under the Companies Act, 2013: A Complete Guide

Dear Reader,

The Company Secretary Team at UJA is pleased to present an in-depth overview of the Investor Education and Protection Fund (IEPF) established under the Companies Act, 2013 — a vital mechanism aimed at safeguarding the financial interests of investors in India.

This article offers a comprehensive understanding of the purpose, functioning and statutory framework of the IEPF, including the provisions of Sections 124 and 125, the types of unclaimed amounts and shares that are transferred to the Fund and the detailed process for investors to reclaim their rightful assets through Form IEPF-5. It further highlights the crucial role played by the IEPF Authority in promoting investor awareness, ensuring compliance and strengthening the overall governance landscape.

Through this write-up, we aim to simplify the regulatory requirements associated with unclaimed dividends and other investor-related dues, while emphasizing the importance of transparency and accountability in protecting investor wealth.

We hope you find this article informative and valuable in enhancing your understanding of investor protection mechanisms under Indian corporate law.

For feedback or topic suggestions, please write to us at cs@uja.in.

Introduction

The Investor Education and Protection Fund (IEPF) is one of the most significant investor-centric mechanisms established under the Companies Act, 2013. Its primary objective is to safeguard the interests of investors and ensure that unclaimed financial assets are properly handled and eventually returned to their rightful owners.

What Is the IEPF?

The Investor Education and Protection Fund was created by the Ministry of Corporate Affairs (MCA) to promote investor awareness and protect investors’ rights. It acts as a trust that receives unclaimed dividends, matured deposits, matured debentures, shares and other such unpaid amounts that companies have been unable to transfer to investors for extended periods.

The IEPF Authority, established under Section 125 of the Companies Act, 2013, is responsible for administering the funds.

Two key sections govern the IEPF:

  1. Section 124 – Unpaid Dividend Account
  • Companies must transfer any unpaid or unclaimed dividend to an Unpaid Dividend Account within 7 days after the expiry of 30 days from the dividend declaration date.
  • If money remains unclaimed for 7 consecutive years, it must be transferred to the IEPF.
  • The company must maintain records of such transfers and allow investors to claim these amounts later through the IEPF mechanism.
  1. Section 125 – Establishment of IEPF

      This section outlines:

  • What amounts go into the fund
  • How the fund can be utilized
  • The process for investors to reclaim their amounts

What Gets Transferred to IEPF?

Companies are obligated to transfer the following to the IEPF after 7 years of inactivity or non-claim:

  • Unpaid or unclaimed dividends
  • Matured deposits and debentures
  • Application money due for refund
  • Interest accrued on the above
  • Sale proceeds of fractional shares
  • Shares, in respect of which a dividend has not been claimed for 7 consecutive years
  • Any other amount as mandated by the Central Government

Importantly, shares of such investors also get transferred to the IEPF in dematerialized form.

Role of the IEPF Authority

The IEPF Authority is entrusted with multiple functions, including:

  • Educating investors about financial literacy, fraud prevention and investment rights
  • Refunding unclaimed shares, dividends and other such amounts to rightful owners
  • Monitoring companies’ compliance with IEPF rules
  • Conducting awareness programs nationwide

How Can Investors Claim their Amounts from IEPF?

The process for claiming amounts or shares involves:

  1. Filing Form IEPF-5

Investors must fill out the online application form on the MCA website with all details of the claim.

  1. Submission of Documents

A physical copy of the filled IEPF-5 form, along with supporting documents (e.g., identity proof, share certificates, dividend statements), must be submitted to the company’s Nodal Officer.

  1. Verification by the Company

The company verifies the claim and sends a verification report to the IEPF Authority.

  1. Approval by IEPF Authority

Upon satisfactory verification, the IEPF Authority releases the dividends or transfers the shares back to the investor’s demat account

Why the IEPF Matters

  • Protects investor wealth from being misused or lost
  • Ensure that companies remain accountable for unclaimed financial assets
  • Helps investors recover forgotten investments
  • Promotes financial awareness and responsible investment

The IEPF system not only strengthens corporate governance but also serves as a crucial safety net for India’s growing base of retail investors.

Conclusion

The IEPF under the Companies Act, 2013 is a well-structured and important mechanism designed to safeguard unclaimed investor assets while promoting transparency and investor education. Whether you are a company complying with statutory requirements or an investor reclaiming lost assets, understanding the IEPF framework is essential.

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